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A tempera, or temper, is a medium used to bind a range of pigments. Tempers include egg yolk (tempera), gum arabic, oil and egg white. Temper(a) in historical artistic terms is not confined to egg yolk. Egg tempera has become the modern byword for medieval painting, but in fact egg tempera was mostly popular in Southern Europe, northern Europe favouring oil and animal glue based paints.